A ticking time bomb of population growth threatens Pakistan, with a yearly increase of 1.98%, warning this might lead the country to join the league of the world’s top four most populous nations.1 Population growth has long been a source of worry in Pakistan. In today’s era, planning a family effectively often includes picking out the right contraception method. With a flock of contraceptive methods available, each having its own considerations, making an informed decision can be exigent. It’s better to navigate through the common choices and find what suits you and your partner best.
“If you’re sexually active and don’t want a baby, use birth control. Pregnancy can happen any time you have unprotected intimate relations.”
There are pros and cons of every method. Depending on your own health factors you may be a suitable candidate for hormonal or non-hormonal method. There is no scientific evidence of any contraception causing future fertility problems. There are anecdotal reports but that doesn’t equate to scientific evidence.
Hormonal methods are among the common ones. Oral contraceptive pills, also known as birth control pills, have hormones that prevent ovulation, reducing the likelihood of pregnancy. These pills need to be taken daily, so consistency is essential for efficacy. Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), often called the “morning-after pill,” are another type of hormonal pill that prevents pregnancy after unprotected sex and even after any contraceptive failure. ECPs contain high doses of hormones and can be used only twice a month, not more than that. They are most effective within 72 hours of intercourse.
Hormonal injectables are also available, which involve getting a hormone shot every three months to prevent ovulation. These injections offer a practical, longer-term solution for those who opt not to take a daily pill.
The intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is another option, inserted into the uterus, that releases hormones which prevent fertilization. This is a long-term method, providing effective solution for 5 to 7 years depending on the type.
Sub-dermal contraceptives include implants. They are small rods placed under the skin, usually in the upper arm, that release hormones to prevent pregnancy. They are highly efficient and require minimal attention.
Barrier methods physically block sperm from getting into the uterus, preventing pregnancy. Male condoms, a commonly used method, also provide defense against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), making them a versatile option. When used correctly, they are about 98% effective at preventing pregnancy and are a suitable option for individuals who cannot or prefer not to use hormonal methods.
The copper IUD, on the other hand, is a non-hormonal device that uses copper to inhibit sperm movement and can remain effective for up to 10 years.
For those considering permanent solutions, sterilization surgery is an option to permanently prevent pregnancy. Tubal ligation for women and vasectomy for men are procedures intended to permanently prevent pregnancy. You should not get permanent sterilization if you feel you may change your mind about wanting to get pregnant in the future. Once you are sterilized, it is very difficult to reverse. These methods are best suited for individuals or couples who are certain they do not want children in the future, and then you will not need to think about contraception again.
Finally, you can prevent conception even without the help of any items. Natural methods like Standard Days Method or SDM involve tracking the menstrual cycle to determine fertile days. This requires careful monitoring and is less certain compared to other methods. Another natural method is the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM), which uses exclusive breastfeeding as a way to naturally delay ovulation. LAM can be effective during the first six months after childbirth, provided the mother is breastfeeding regularly and her menstrual cycle hasn’t yet returned.
Choosing the right contraceptive depends on individual health, lifestyle, and future family plans. Contraception sometimes tends to clash with other medications such as antidepressants. Consulting with your gynaecologist can help tailor the best approach to suit your needs, ensuring effective and reliable pregnancy prevention.